Increased carotid stiffness detected by ultrafast ultrasound imaging is associated with the Gensini score

Abstract

Aim: To test the ability of carotid stiffness evaluated by using ultrafast ultrasound imaging to indicate coronary atherosclerosis and its association with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 131 patients with CAD and 60 normal controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured by two-dimensional ultrasound. Carotid stiffness was determined by ultrafast ultrasound imaging, with which the carotid pulse wave velocity at the beginning (PWVBS) and end (PWVES) of systole were calculated. Gensini scores based on coronary angiography were used to estimate the severity of CAD.

Results: Compared with normal controls, the CAD patients had higher carotid diameters, cIMT, PWVBS and PWVES (p < 0.05). In the CAD group, Gensini scores correlated significantly with cIMT, PWVBS and PWVES (r = 0.279, p = 0.001; r = 0.661, p < 0.001; r = 0.620, p < 0.001; respectively). The multivariate analysis further indicated that PWVBS, PWVES and body mass index were independently associated with the Gensini score (β = 0.466, p < 0.001; β = 0.308, p < 0.001; and β = 0.209, p = 0.001; respectively). In addition, the sensitivity and specificity were 54% and 83%, respectively, for PWVBS (cutoff value, 6.9 m/s; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.70) and 64% and 83%, respectively, for PWVES (cutoff value, 8.0 m/s; area under the curve, 0.73).

Conclusions: Increased carotid PWVBS and PWVES detected by ultrafast ultrasound imaging as indices of carotid stiffness might serve as promising indicators for CAD and its severity.